四六级备考：看题干正确做出阅读主旨题

  阅读Section C中有一类比较重要的题型叫主旨题。很多同学针对这个题型总是束手无策，在做的时候经常会做错，尤其是文章主旨题更是没有办法在规定时间内做出正确答案。针对同学们面临的这个问题，中公四六级老师给大家讲解如何从题干中找到关键信息帮助你解答文章主旨题。

　　从题干中找什么关键信息呢？我们要找到题干中的主题词，题干中的主题词就是这篇文章的topic。我们知道了这篇文章的topic，就能很轻松地作答主旨题了。比如下面这个题目：

　　26.What is said about the average American in the passage?

　　27.Some people dislike exercise because _____.

　　28.“Even exercise professionals concede half a point here” (Line 3, Para. 2) means “They ________”.

　　29.What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Center’s study?

　　30.What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?

　　我们能够很轻松地在5个题干中找到主题词吧？可能有同学不知道何为主题词。其实主题词就是在题干中出现频率大于等于两次的具有实际意义的单词。比如这道题目exercise这个单词出现了两次，这个单词就是这篇文章的主题词。既然exercise是主题词，那么文章的主旨一定跟这个主题词密切相关。

　　30.What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?

　　A) To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center.

　　B) To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.

　　C) To support the statement made by York Onnen.

　　D) To show the most effective way to lose weight.

　　我们来看30题主旨题的这4个选项。我们要分析这4个选项里，哪个选项跟exercise这个主题词关系最为密切，这个选项就是正确答案。

　　在这4个选项中，A和C是很容易排除的，因为这两个选项都是细节信息，不能作为主旨题的答案。在剩余的B和D这两个选项中，很明显D选项是正确答案。

　　我们分析一下，B选项说的是“强调维持合适体重的重要性”；D选项说的是“像我们展示减轻体重的最有效方式”。众所周知，运动exercise就是减轻体重的最有效方式。

　　我们对这个题目进行预判之后，可以再回归原文进行进一步验证。从原文的第一句话中，可以再次判断出我们所选的答案是正确的。

　　Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.

　　我们再看一道题目：

　　在下面这个题目中，出现两次及以上的关键词有“budget shortage”和“Vrain School District”。其中“Vrain School District”是一个学校校区的名称，那么这篇文章我们可以预测中应该是围绕“Vrain School District”这个校区的“budget shortage”预算短缺来谈的。

　　26. What has happened to the Vrain School District?

27. How did the residents in the Vrain Shool Districtrespond to the budget shortage?

　　28. In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman，the educational budget shortageis_____？

　　29. Why did Coffman request an investigation?

　　30. Three high school students started a website in order to_______?

　　既然主要内容是预算短缺，那么下面这个26题的答案就很容易选择出来了。同学们认为正确答案是那个选项呢？

　　26. What has happened to the Vrain School District?

　　A) A huge financial problem has arisen.

　　B) Many schools there are mismanaged.

　　C) Lots of teachers in the district are planning to quit.

　　D) Many administrative personnel have been laid off.

　　非常好！这道题的正确答案确实是选项A。我们比较一下四个选项，只有A说到跟经济相关的内容，指的是经济方面巨大的麻烦，而其他三个选项B许多学校领导不善；C学区里许多老师计划离职；D许多管理职员被解雇；都没有提到经济方面的内容，因此都与这篇文章的主题“budget shortage”不相关。

　　我们可以再次查找原文验证自己的判断是否正确。

        In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain School District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortageblamed on mismanagement. “We’re worried about out teachers and principals, and we really don’t want to lose them because of this,” one parent said. “If we can help ease their financial burden, we will.”……..

　　原文中划下划线的部分，就是跟A选项是同义替换关系。

　　通过中公四六级老师给大家讲解的这两个例子，我们可以发现，如果在处理主旨题时，能够正确运用题干中出现的主题词，就可以帮助我们在作答主旨题时事半功倍！